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% N.B. This format is cribbed from one obtained from the University |
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% of Karlsruhe, so some macro names and parameters are in German |
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% Here is a short glosary: |
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% Breite: width |
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% run on a local PC however, you will need to locate these files. |
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% At UF try /usr/local/TeTeX... |
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% |
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% P. Hirschfeld 2/11/00 |
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% |
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% The recommended procedure is to first generate a ``Special Format" size poster |
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% file, which is relatively easy to manipulate and view. It can be |
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% resized later to A0 (900 x 1100 mm) full poster size, or A4 or Letter size |
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% as desired (see web site). Note the large format printers currently |
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% in use at UF's OIR have max width of about 90cm or 3 ft., but the paper |
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% comes in rolls so the length is variable. See below the specifications |
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% ``Special Format", with 4 columns. |
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%% 2*sqrt(2) = 2.828 (for A0) |
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\def\breite{390mm} % Special Format. |
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\def\hoehe{319.2mm} % Scaled by 2.82 this gives 110cm x 90cm |
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\def\anzspalten{4} |
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%%\def\breite{420mm} % A3 LANDSCAPE |
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%% Generate poster.dvi with latex |
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%% A3: 29.73 X 42.04 cm |
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%% N.B. The recommended procedure is ``Special Format x 2.82" |
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\usepackage{palatino} |
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\setlength\bgwidth{\breite} \addtolength\bgwidth{-1mm} |
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\def\op#1{\hat{#1}} |
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\begin{document} |
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\bibliographystyle{plain} |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%% Background %%% |
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{\newrgbcolor{gradbegin}{0.0 0.01875 0.6992}% |
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gradbegin=gradbegin,gradmidpoint=0.1](\bgwidth,-\bgheight)} |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%% Header %%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\psshadowbox[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=ndgold2]{\makebox[0.95\textwidth]{% |
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\begin{center} |
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\color{ndblue} |
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\textbf{\Huge {A Mesoscale Model for Phospholipid Simulations}}\\[0.5em] |
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\textsc{\LARGE \underline{Matthew~A.~Meineke}, and J.~Daniel~Gezelter}\\[0.3em] |
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{\large Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA\\ |
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{\tt\ mmeineke@nd.edu} |
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} |
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\end{center}} |
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\hfill}}\hfill\mbox{}\\[1.cm] |
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%\vspace*{1.3cm} |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%% first column %%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{spalte} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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% |
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% This begins the first "kasten" or box |
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% |
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\begin{center} |
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{\large{\color{red} \underline{ABSTRACT} } } |
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\end{center} |
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{\color{ndblue} |
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|
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A mesoscale model for phospholipids has been developed for molecular |
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dynamics simulations of lipid bilayers. The model makes several |
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simplifications to both the water and the phospholipids to reduce the |
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computational cost of each force evaluation. The water was represented |
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by the soft sticky dipole model of Ichiye \emph{et |
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al}.\cite{liu96:new_model,liu96:monte_carlo,chandra99:ssd_md} The |
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simplifications to the phospholipids included the reduction of atoms |
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in the tail groups to beads representing $\mbox{CH}_{2}$ and |
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$\mbox{CH}_{3}$ unified atoms, and the replacement of the head groups |
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with a single point mass containing a centrally located dipole. The |
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model was then used to simulate micelle and bilayer formation from a |
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configuration of randomly placed phospholipids which was simulated for |
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times in excess of 30 nanoseconds. |
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} |
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\end{kasten} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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\section{{\color{red}\underline{Introduction \& Background}}} |
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\label{sec:intro} |
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%% \subsection{{\color{ndblue}Motivation}} |
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\label{sec:motivation} |
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|
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|
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Simulations of phospholipid bilayers are, by necessity, quite |
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complex. The lipid molecules are large, and contain many |
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atoms. Additionally, the head groups of the lipids are often |
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zwitterions, and the large separation between charges results in a |
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large dipole moment. Adding to the complexity are the number of water |
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molecules needed to properly solvate the lipid bilayer, typically 25 |
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water molecules for every lipid molecule. These factors make it |
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difficult to study certain biologically interesting phenomena that |
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have large inherent length or time scale. |
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|
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\end{kasten} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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\subsection{{\color{ndblue}Ripple Phase}} |
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\begin{wrapfigure}{o}{60mm} |
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\centering |
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\includegraphics[width=40mm]{ripple.epsi} |
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\end{wrapfigure} |
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\mbox{} |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item The ripple (~$P_{\beta'}$~) phase lies in the transition from the gel to fluid phase. |
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\item Periodicity of 100 - 200 $\mbox{\AA}$\cite{Cevc87} |
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\item Current simulations have box sizes ranging from 50 - 100 $\mbox{\AA}$ on a side.\cite{saiz02,lindahl00,venable00} |
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\end{itemize} |
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|
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\label{sec:ripplePhase} |
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|
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\end{kasten} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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\subsection{{\color{ndblue}Diffusion \& Formation Dynamics}} |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item |
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Drug Diffusion |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item |
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Some drug molecules may spend appreciable amounts of time in the |
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membrane |
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\item |
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Long time scale dynamics are need to observe and characterize their |
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actions |
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\end{itemize} |
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\item |
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Bilayer Formation Dynamics |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item |
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Current lipid simulations indicate\cite{Marrink01}: |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item Aggregation can happen as quickly as 200 ps |
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|
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\item Bilayers can take up to 20 ns to form completely |
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\end{itemize} |
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|
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\end{itemize} |
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\end{itemize} |
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\end{kasten} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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\subsection{{\color{ndblue}System Simplfications}} |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item Unified atoms with fixed bond lengths replace groups of atoms. |
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\item Replace charge distributions with dipoles.(Eq. \ref{eq:dipole} |
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vs. Eq. \ref{eq:coloumb}) |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item Relatively short range, $\frac{1}{r^3}$, interactions allow |
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the application of computational simplification algorithms, |
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ie. neighbor lists. |
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\end{itemize} |
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\end{itemize} |
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\begin{equation} |
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V^{\text{dp}}_{ij}(\mathbf{r}_{ij},\boldsymbol{\Omega}_{i}, |
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\boldsymbol{\Omega}_{j}) = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{0}} \biggl[ |
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\frac{\boldsymbol{\mu}_{i} \cdot \boldsymbol{\mu}_{j}}{r^{3}_{ij}} |
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- |
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\frac{3(\boldsymbol{\mu}_i \cdot \mathbf{r}_{ij}) % |
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(\boldsymbol{\mu}_j \cdot \mathbf{r}_{ij}) } |
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{r^{5}_{ij}} \biggr] |
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\label{eq:dipole} |
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\end{equation} |
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\begin{equation} |
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V^{\text{ch}}_{ij}(\mathbf{r}_{ij}) = \frac{q_{i}q_{j}}% |
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{4\pi\epsilon_{0} r_{ij}} |
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\label{eq:coloumb} |
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\end{equation} |
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\end{kasten} |
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%%% second column %%% |
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\begin{spalte} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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\subsection{{\color{ndblue}Reduction in calculations}} |
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Unified water and lipid models and decrease the number of interactions |
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needed between two molecules. |
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|
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\begin{center} |
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\includegraphics[width=50mm,angle=-90]{reduction.epsi} |
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\end{center} |
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\end{kasten} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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\section{{\color{red}\underline{Models}}} |
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\label{sec:model} |
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\subsection{{\color{ndblue}Water Model}} |
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\label{sec:waterModel} |
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|
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The waters in the simulation were modeled after the Soft Sticky Dipole |
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(SSD) model of Ichiye.\cite{liu96:new_model} Where: |
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|
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\begin{wrapfigure}[10]{o}{60mm} |
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\begin{center} |
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\includegraphics[width=40mm]{ssd.epsi} |
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\end{center} |
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\end{wrapfigure} |
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\mbox{} |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item $\sigma$ is the Lennard-Jones length parameter. |
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\item $\boldsymbol{\mu}_i$ is the dipole vector of molecule $i$, |
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\item $\mathbf{r}_{ij}$ is the vector between molecules $i$ and $j$ |
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\item $\boldsymbol{\Omega}_i$ and $\boldsymbol{\Omega}_j$ are the Euler angles of molecule $i$ or $j$ respectively. |
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\end{itemize} |
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|
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It's potential is as follows: |
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|
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\begin{equation} |
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V_{s\!s\!d} = V_{L\!J}(r_{i\!j}) + V_{d\!p}(r_{i\!j},\Omega_{i},\Omega_{j}) |
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+ V_{s\!p}(r_{i\!j},\Omega_{i},\Omega_{j}) |
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\end{equation} |
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\end{kasten} |
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\end{spalte} |
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%%% third column %%% |
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\begin{spalte} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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\section{{\color{ndblue}Ima third column holder}} |
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hello |
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\end{kasten} |
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\end{spalte} |
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%%% fourth column %%% |
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\begin{spalte} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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\begin{center} |
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{\large{\color{red} \underline{Acknowledgments}}} |
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\end{center} |
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|
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The authors would like to acknowledge Charles Vardeman, Christopher |
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Fennell, and Teng lin for their contributions to the simulation |
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engine. MAM would also like to extend a special thank you to Charles |
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Vardeman for his help with the TeX formatting of this |
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poster. Computaion time was provided on the Bunch-of-Boxes (B.o.B.) |
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cluster under NSF grant DMR 00 79647. The authors acknowledge support |
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under NSF grant CHE-0134881. |
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\end{kasten} |
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\vspace{0.5cm} |
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\begin{kasten} |
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{\small |
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\bibliography{poster} |
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} |
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\end{kasten} |
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\end{spalte} |
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} |
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\end{lrbox} |
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\resizebox*{0.98\textwidth}{!}{% |
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\usebox{\spalten}}\hfill\mbox{}\vfill |
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\end{document} |
